Desertification

Agreements and Documents at the Global Level

UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa (1994)

Agenda 21, Chapter 12 - Managing Fragile Ecosystems: Combating Desertification and Drought (1992)

Beijing Statement on Combating Desertification and Promoting Sustainable Development (2008)

Convention to Combat Desertification: Report on the preparation of the UNCCD 2nd Scientific Conference “Economic assessment of desertification, sustainable land management and resilience of arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas” (2012)

Convention to Combat Desertification: Overview of working papers prepared for the UNCCD 2nd Scientific Conference (2012)

Resolutions of the UN General Assembly

Resolution A/RES/3337/XXIX International co-operation to combat desertification (1974)

Resolution A/RES/31/108 United Nations Conference on Desertification (1976)

Resolution A/RES/32/169 Implementation of the recommendations of the United Nations Conference on Desertification with respect to financial and technical assistance to the least developed among the developing countries (1977)

Resolution A/RES/32/172 United Nations Conference on Desertification (1977)

Resolution A/RES/34/184 Plan of Action to Combat Desertification (1979)

Resolution A/RES/35/73 Implementation of the Plan of Action to Combat Desertification (1980)

Resolution A/RES/37/218 Implementation of the Plan of Action to Combat Desertification (1982)

Resolution A/RES/39/168 Plan of Action to Combat Desertification (1984)

Resolution A/RES/40/198 Plan of Action to Combat Desertification (1985)

Resolution A/RES/40/209 Desertification and drought (1985)

Resolution A/RES/42/189 Plan of Action to Combat Desertification (1987)

Resolution A/RES/44/172 Plan of Action to Combat Desertification (1989)

Resolution A/RES/46/161 Combating desertification and drought (1991)

Resolution A/RES/47/188 Establishment of a intergovernmental negotiating committee for the elaboration of an international convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa (1993)

Resolution A/RES/48/175 Drought and desertification (1994)

Resolution A/RES/48/191 Elaboration of an international convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa (1994)

Resolution A/RES/49/115 Observance of World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought (1995)

Resolution A/RES/49/234 Elaboration of an international convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa (1995)

Resolution A/RES/50/114 Desertification and drought (1996)

Resolution A/RES/50/112 Elaboration of an international convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa (1996)

Resolution A/RES/51/180 Elaboration of an international convention to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa (1997)

Resolution A/RES/52/198 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (1998)

Resolution A/RES/53/191 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (1999)

Resolution A/RES/54/223 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2000)

Resolution A/RES/55/204 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2001)

Resolution A/RES/56/196 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2002)

Resolution A/RES/57/259 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2003)

Resolution A/RES/58/211 International Year of Deserts and Desertification, 2006 (2004)

Resolution A/RES/58/242 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2004)

Resolution A/RES/59/235 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2005)

Resolution A/RES/60/200 International Year of Deserts and Desertification, 2006 (2006)

Resolution A/RES/60/201 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2006)

Resolution A/RES/60/200 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2007)

Resolution A/RES/62/193 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2008)

Resolution A/RES/63/218 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2009)

Resolution A/RES/64/201 United Nations Decade for Deserts and the Fight against Desertification (2010-2020) (2010)

Resolution A/RES/64/202 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2010)

Resolution A/RES/65/160 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2011)

Resolution A/RES/65/294 Implementation of United Nations environmental conventions (2011)

Resolution A/RES/65/861 High-level meeting on addressing desertification, land degradation and drought in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication (2011)

Resolution A/RES/66/201 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2012)

Resolution A/RES/67/211 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2013)

Resolution A/RES/68/213 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2014)

Resolution A/RES/69/221 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2015)

Resolution A/RES/70/206 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2015)

Resolution A/RES/70/195 Combating sand and dust storms (2015)

Resolution A/RES/71/229 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2016)

Resolution A/RES/71/219 Combating sand and dust storms (2016)

Resolution A/RES/72/220 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2017)

Resolution A/RES/72/225 Combating sand and dust storms (2017)

Resolution A/RES/73/233 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2018)

Resolution A/RES/73/237 Combating sand and dust storms (2018)

Resolution A/RES/74/220 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2019)

Resolution A/RES/74/226 Combating sand and dust storms (2019)

Resolution A/RES/75/150 Observer status for the Global Dryland Alliance in the General Assembly (2020)

Resolution A/RES/75/218 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2020)

Resolution A/RES/75/222 Combating sand and dust storms (2020)

Resolution A/RES/76/206 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2022)

Resolution A/RES/76/211 Combating sand and dust storms (2022)

Resolution A/RES/77/166 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2022)

Resolution A/RES/77/171 Combating sand and dust storms (2022)

Resolution A/RES/77/294 International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms (2023)

Resolution A/RES/78/154 Implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (2023)

Resolution A/RES/78/158 Combating sand and dust storms (2023)

Agreements and Documents at the Regional Level

Framework Convention on Environmental Protection for Sustainable Development in Central Asia (2006)

National Documents

Republic of Kazakhstan

The Program on Combating Desertification in the Republic of Kazakhstan 2005-2015

Kazakhstan: Issues and Approaches to Combat Desertification (2003)

Kyrgyz Republic

The National Action Plan and the Activity Frameworks for Implementing the UNCCD in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2015-2020 (2014)

Kyrgyz Republic: Issues and Approaches to Combat Desertification (2003)

Third National Report of Kyrgyz Republic on United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Implementation (2006)

Republic of Tajikiistan

Tajikiistan: Issues and Approaches to Combat Desertification (2003)

Turkmenistan

National Action Programme to Combat Desertification in Turkmenistan (1997)

Turkmenistan: Issues and Approaches to Combat Desertification (2003)

Republic of Uzbekistan

National Action Programme to Combat Desertification in Republic of Uzbekistan (1999)

Uzbekistan: Issues and Approaches to Combat Desertification (2003)

Publications of Different Organizations

Desertification. A visual synthesis. UNCCD, 2011

Land Degradation and Desertification in Central Asia: Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land Management. Analysis of the current state and recommendation for the future. O. Simonett and V. Novikov, 2010

The state of the world's land and water resources for food and agriculture (SOLAW) - Managing systems at risk. FAO. 2011

Towards a land degradation neutral world: The Submission of the UNCCD Secretariat to the Preparatory Process for the Rio+ 20 Conference (2011)

Drylands Soil - sustaining life on earth. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification - Transforming Drylands

Human rights and desertification (UNCCD, 2008)

Desertification – Coping with Today’s Global Challenges in the Context of the Strategy of the UNCCD (GTZ, 2008)

The Economics of Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought Toward an Integrated Global Assessment (ZEF, 2011)

Land-based adaptation and resilience: Powered by nature (UNCCD, 2014)

Desertification: The invisible frontline (UNCCD, 2014)

Land in Balance. The Scientific Conceptual Framework for Land Degradation Neutrality (UNCCD, 2016)

World Drought Atlas / Eds. A. Toreti, D. Tsegai, L. Rossi. (UNCCD, 2024)

Kamalov Y. - Economic and political aspects of land privatization. Transition to free market in land degradation conditions

Abdullaev A.K. - Land Degradation Problems as a consequence of their irrational agricultural use and the ways of improvement of the situation

Irrigation and Development of the Dzhizak Steppe (1976)

Irrigation and Development of the Karshi Steppe (1976)

DESERTIFICATION

Arnageldiev A., Kostyukovsky V.I. Ecosystems of Karakum - Ashgabat: Ilim, 1988 – 309p.

Arnageldiev A., Kostyukovsky V.I. Deserts: rational use and protection - Мoscow: Agropromizdat, 1990. - 222 p.

Babayev A.G. Combating desertification in arid zone // Collection of lectures: "Water resources development in arid zone problems". - Tashkent: SANIIRI, 1986. - 96-110p.

Babayev A.G. Assessment of action plan for desertification combating // Problems of desert development. - 1991. - Issue 2. - 3-10p.

Babayev A.G. Strategy of desertification combating in Central Asia // - 1994. - Issue 4-5. - 9-13p.

Babayev A.G., Zonn I.S. Desertification in Asian countries: assessment and combating. Problems of deserts development - 1983. - № 2.

Babayev A.G. Orlivsky N.S. Ecological types of deserts of Central Asia and Kazakhstan and perspectives of their development // Issues of desert development in USSR. - Ashgabat, 1981.

Babayev A.G. Freikin Z.G. Desert transformation in USSR. (New in life, science and technics. Serie "Science about Earth"). - Moscow, 1976. - Issue 1. – 56p.

Babayev A.G. Freikin Z.G. Deserts of USSR : yesterday, today, tomorrow. - Moscow, 1977. – 351p.

Desertification combating in Australia // Desertification problems. - UNEP, 1981.

Desertification combating through integrated development: Theses of International Simposia. - 1981. – 252p.

Drought characterization and management in Central Asia Region and Turkey. FAO, 2017

Victorov S.V. Aero-landscape indication of human activity in desert. - Moscow.: Nedra, 1973.

Vonogradov D.V. Aero-cosmic methods of desert nature study // natural conditions and resources of deserts in USSR, their rational use. - Ashgabat, 1984. - 97-105p.

Vonogradov D.V. Cosmic methods of environmental study. - Moscow: Misl, 1976.

Vonogradov D.V. Desertification forms according to aero and space imaginary // Problems of desert development. - 1976. - № 3-4. - 35-44p.

Zaletayev V.S. Peculiarities of modern development and degradation of desert natural systems // Problems of desert development. - 1991. - №3-4. -56-64p.

Study of human activity impact on nature of Central Asia through remote sensing / Sumarokova, V.A. // IAHS-AISH Publ. (GBR). - 1985. - Issue 145. - 659-666p.

Integrated control of desertification in USSR / Babayev, A. G.; Orlovsky, N. S.; Kharin, N. G. // Arid lands: today and tomorrow. - USA: Westview Press, 1988. - 825-839 p.

UN Convention for desertification combating in those countries which experience draught or desertification, especially in Africa. - 1995. – 78 p.

Korshunova V.S., Trofimova G.Yu. Micro-source desertification in sandy deserts // Micro-sources processes-indicators of destabilized environment. - Moscow, 2000. - 113-130p.

Kust G.S. Desertification: principles of ecological-genetic assessment and mapping. Moscow: MSU, 1999. - 362 p.

Nechayeva N.T. Problems of desertification indicators development // Problems of desert development. - 1979. - № 4. - 18-24p.

Desertification in Uzbekistan and its combating. - Tashkent, 1988. – 156p.

Arid areas development and desertification combating: integrated approach. - М., 1986.

Action plan for desertification combating. UN Conference for desertification combating. - Moscow., 1977.

Problems of desertification and nature protection // Babayev A.G. and others. Deserts. – Moscow, 1986. - 296-309p.

Deserts / Babayev A.G., Drozdov N.N., Zonn I.S., Freikin Z.G..; Editor. Murzayev E.M. - Moscow: Misl, 1986. – 318p.

Rafikov A.A. Desertification of AmuDarya delta natural complexes desertification processes forecast // desertification combating through integrated development: Theses. - Tashkent, 1981. - 174-176p.

Rafikov A.A. Forecast of desertification in South Peiaralie // // Problems of deserts development - 1985. - Issue 5. - 42-48p.

Kharin N.G. Remote sensing and desert nature protection. – Moscow: Nauka, 1980.

Kharin N.G., Kalyonov G.S. Study of antrophogenic desertification from satellite imaginary // Problems of deserts development. - 1978. - № 4. - 25-28p.

Brown G.W. (Ed.) Desert biology. Vol. 1-2. - New York-London, 1974.

Cloudsley-Thompson J.L. The desert. Onbis Publ.Ltd. London, 1977.

Clements Th.D. Geomorphic classification of desert types // Bull. Sec. America. - Vol. 65, no. 12.

Desert Eco-system and its improvement. Ed. By HoS. Mann. ICAR, India, 1977.

Desertification assessment and mapping in the Pre-Aral region / Kust, G.S. // Desertification Control Bulletin. - 1992. - Issue 21. - 38-43p.

Golodnaya (Hungry) Steppe: a case study of desertification. //: Desertification. M.R. Biswas, A.K. Biswas (ed.) Environmental Sciences and Applications, 12: pp. 427-480. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1980.

Golodnaya Steppe. An associated case study. United Nations Conference on Desertification, August 29-September 9, 1977, Nairobi, Kenya (Proceedings) A/CONF. 74/23; 76 pp. - New York, USA; United Nations, 1977.

Leopold A.S. The desert. - Time-Life Books (New York), 1976.

Lyu Y., Shi P., Han G., Liu L., Guo L., Hu X., Zhang G. Desertification Control Practices in China / Sustainability 2020, 12

Mirzabaev A., Goedecke J., Dubovyk O., Djanibekov Uю, Le B.Q., Aw-Hassan A. Economics of Land Degradation in Central Asia / E. Nkonya et al. (eds.), Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement – A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development, 2016

Meigs P. World distribution of coastal desert // Coastal desert. Their Natural and Human Environments. Ed. By D. Amiran, A. Wilson. - Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson Arizona, 1973.

Monod T. Les deserts. - Paris, 1973.

Ochs W.J., Smedema L.K. Planning for drainage development in the Aral Sea basin // The inter-relationship between irrigation, drainage and environment in the Aral Sea basin. - 1996. - P. 27-33.

Transnational Project to Monitor Desertification Processes and Related Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas of South-West Asia. A/Conf. 74/28 UN-Conference on Desertification, 1977. Nairobi, Kenya.

Tsutsui H. Irrigation and Environment - Aral Sea Basin in Central Asia // Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning. - Tokyo, 1994. - Pp. 15-30.

World irrigation IV. Irrigation and environment-Aral sea basin in Central Asia / Tsutsui, H. // Journal of Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning. - 1993. - Issue 25. - 42-57p.

World irrigation IV. Irrigation and environment-Aral Sea basin in Central Asia / Tsutsui, H. // Journal of Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning. - 1994. - Issue 26. - 15-30p.

DESERTIFICATION REASONS

Barikina V.V., Panfilov D.V. Natutal-biological potential of desert ecosystems and impact on it from antopogenic factors. // Problems of deserts development. - 1983. – Issue 4. - 31-36 p.

Barikina V.V., Panfilov D.V., Timoshkina V.A. Modern trends in Priaralie biological complexes changes. // Problems of deserts development. - 1979. - Issue 2. - 34-40p.

Priaralie biological resources - Tashkent, 1986. – 198p.

Gerasimov I.P., Kuznetsov N.T., Kes A.S. Aral sea and Priaralie desertification problem. // Problems of deserts development. - 1983. - Issue 6. -22-33p.

Zhollibekov B. Soil transformation in Amudarya delta due to desertification // Problems of deserts development.- 1987. - Issue 2. - 26-33p.

Zhollibekov B., Kornienko V.A. Soil transformation in Amudarya delta due to aridization // Priaralie biological resources. - Tashkent, 1986. - 33-4p1.

Zaletayev V.S. Irrigation and desertification: ecological contradictions // Problems of deserts development.- 1989. -Issue 3. - 45-48p.

Zonn I.S., OrlovskyN.S. Desertification antrophogenic factors // Arid areas development and desertification combating: integrated approach. - Moscow, 1986. -17-23p.

Kovda V.A. Earth aridization and draught combating. –Moscow: Nauka, 1977.- 272p.

Kovda V.A.., Rozanov B.G. Earth aridization, probability of draught and soil salinization under irrigation// Pedology problems - Moscow: nauka, 1978. - 3-14p.

Kurochkina L.Ya., Kuznetsov N.T. Ecological aspects of antropogenic desertification in the Aral region. // Problems of deserts developmen. - 1986. - Issue 5. - 68-74p.

Mabbut D.A. Climate cycles and landscape changes as environmental factor in desertification development // Desertification combating through integrated development. Theses of International Symposia (Tashkent, 1981). -Moscow, 1981.

Mozhaitseva N.F. Lanscape evolution under Eastern coast of the Aral sea desiccation. //Problems of deserts development. - 1979. – Issue 3. - 18-24p.

Modern Priaralie natural resources. Collection of papers. - Almaty, 1981. – 124p.

Rafikov A.A. Ground water of desiccated sea bed and its impact on salt accumulation processes // Papers of Academy of Science of Uzbekistan. - 1981. - Issue 4. - 49-51p.

Rafikov A.A. Main stages of antropogenic desertification in South Priaralie // Problems of deserts development - 1994. - Issue 3. - 17-25p.

Rafikov A.A. Salt accumulation proceses on desiccated Aral Sea bed // Papers of Academy of Science of Uzbekistan. - 1980. – Issue 8. - 54-57p.

Rozanov B.G. And again about desertification // Почвоведение. - 1991. - Vol. 5. - С. 5-14

Uteshev A.S. Atmospheric draughts and their effect. On natural phenomena - Almaty, 1972.

Khamdamov Kh., Khashimov F., Muminov K. Prevent erosion // Agriculture of Uzbekistan. - 1985. - № 5. - 49-51p.

The Aral Sea desiccation and possible ways of rehabilitating and conserving its northern part / Aladin, N.V.; Plotnikov, I.S.; Potts, W.T.W. // Environmetrics. - 1995. - Вып. 6(1). - С. 17-29.

Some trends in soil cover evolution as related to desertification. / Kust, G.S. // Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin. - 1992. - Vol. 47(2). - С. 13-16.

Soil degradation in the lower Amou Daria / Kust, G.S. // Secheresse. - 1992. - Vol. 3(3). - С. 169-182.

TYPES OF DESERTIFICATION

Bakiev A., Novikova N.M., Mamutov N. Pastures and forage production in Amudarya low reaches, Nukus, 1989. – 67p.

Gruzdeva L.P. Vegetation mapping methodology using spatial information// ZNIIGAK, 1986. - 23-28p.

Dolgushin I.Yu. Forecast of vegetation and soil changes. Moscow: Nauka, 1971. - 202-220p.

Kovda V.A. Theory and practice of saline soil development in arid zone // Problems of soil and water sources salinization, Moscow, 1960

Kovda V.A. Basic knowledge about soils. - Moscow.: Nauka, 1973.

Kuzmina Zh.V. Amudarya delta vegetation classification // Botanic journal. - 1997. - V. 82. - № 1. - p.86-101.

Irrigated lands water logging and salinization prevention and liquidation / VNIIGiM - Moscow, 1989. – 135p.

Rabochev I. Amudarya middle reaches saline soil reclamation - Ashgabat, 1964. - 255p.

Ramazanov A. Saline land leaching through rice rotation // SANIIRI. - 1971. - Issue132. - p. 128-154.

Ramazanov A., Kurbanbayev E., Yakubov Kh. Amudarya lower reaches saline soil reclamation. - Nukus, 1978. – 216p.

Reshetov G.G. New developed soils reclamation in Uzbekistan. - Tashkent, 1986. – 152p.

Reshetov G.G., Shreder V.R. Soil bonitet evaluation for irrigation //Pedology. - 1977. - № 3. - p. 103-107.

Stefankov V.R. Information specter of vegetative indices of aridization South Bug flood plain under flow regulation // Theses of International Simposia "Problems of ecoinformatics". 14-18 December 1992, Moscow., 1992. p. 167-169.

Tursunov L. Soil conditions of irrigated lands in western Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 1981. – 222p.