Interactive map of the best practices

on the use of water, land and energy resources,
as well as the environment of Central Asia

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Selected practice: Improving water use planning technology based on CROPWAT 8.0 Software

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Introduction of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles on the Isfara small transboundary river

The river originates in Kyrgyzstan in Ak-Suu Glacier on the northern slope of the Turkestan Ridge 3,193 m above sea level.  The Ak-Suu ruins are located close to the river source.  Near the settlement of Karavshin, the river is called the same name.  Crossing the national border, the river merges with the Kshemysh River (Kshemyshsai) and, further on, the river receives the name of Isfara.  Actions: Establishment of stakeholder groups, i.e. Small Basin Councils (SBC) representing local authorities, NGOs, water users and local communities.  SBC secretariats independently hold internal semi-annual meetings.  Thus, the SBCs serve as platforms to exchange opinions and information as well as take joint decisions associated with the enhancement of the overall situation in the river basin. Results: Creation of national Small Basin Councils (SBC) on the Isfara River allowed a platform for exchanging opinions and information as well as for drawing joint decisions to improve the overall situation in the Isfara River Basin, including the development of the IWRM basin plan for the target basin.
Кыргызстан

Introduction of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles on the Aspara small transboundary river

The Aspara River originates in the Western Tien Shan on the territory of Kyrgyzstan and flows northwards crossing the border with Kazakhstan.  The river’s total length exceeds 44 km, and its catchment area amounts to approximately 66 km2.  The Aspara River Basin is located in Chu Region in Kyrgyzstan’s northwest and Jambyl Region in Southern Kazakhstan.  The basin is shared by several different ethnicities where they live and work.  The basin’s population is rapidly growing, and the agriculture is developing.  In many places along the course of the river, especially in its lower streams, the water doesn't meet quality and sanitary standards.  Liquid waste produced by the population, industry and livestock production as well as solid waste constitute major sources of environmental pollution. Project efforts were carried out in Jambyl Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Chu Region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Actions: Establishment of 2 stakeholder groups, i.e. Small Basin Councils (SBC) – on both Kazakhstan’s and Kyrgyzstan’s sides of the river – representing local authorities, NGOs, water users and local communities.  The SBCs already held 6 joint meetings proving the value of SBCs as platforms to exchange opinions and information as well as take joint decisions on enhancing the overall situation in the basin. In addition, hydrometric posts were reconstructed and underwent certification, and the automated water distribution and accounting system was installed on the Mailybai Canal. The water supply system in the village of Cholok-Aryk also underwent reconstructed.  A demo-site to demonstrate drip irrigation equipment and technology was established on the premises of Ravshan Farm receiving its irrigation water via the Mailybai Canal. Results: Thus, the creation of national Small Basin Councils (SBC) on the Aspara River ensured a platform for exchanging opinions and information as well as joint decision-making to improve the overall situation in the Aspara River Basin, including the development of the IWRM basin-specific plan.
Кыргызстан

Enhancing water distribution in Water User Associa-tions (WUAs) by way of designing and implementing WUA decade-based water supply scheduled plans broken down by water consumers and days

Uniform and fair water distribution among water consumers (WCs) inside WUAs, clear alignment and coordination of water supply schedules via internal WUA networks of all levels with water supply schedules to WUA derivation canals from main canals is ensured by enhancing existing water distribution planning techniques based on water rotation (recirculation) and volumes of technically deliverable water executed via decade planning (within vegetation period decades). Actions: In accordance with the approved decade-based water distribution scheduled plan, decade water quantity is supplied to WCs in turns as per their water requests.  The schedules can be quickly adjusted depending on water availability in concerned water bodies.  The technique is based on wide engagement of WCs in distribution procedures – not only WUA personnel but also WCs themselves know who is receiving water, when and how much of it and, thus, can monitor each other and assess each other’s operations.  This promotes better mutual water discipline among WCs.  The process can be controlled from beginning to end based on corresponding documents (decade water distribution schedules, water request from WCs and WUAs, water request registration logs, water accounting logs at WUA headworks and WUA derivation canals. Results: As the result of introducing the decade-based water distribution plan in 2009-2011: actual water intake decreased, despite the fact that water supply to WCs remained high due to the increased efficiency of water distribution inside WUAs (90% of water availability) and ensured high yields; irrigation network efficiency rate rose from 0.69 to 0.79. The volume of water saved due to reduced losses along WUA irrigation lines made 8% of the total actual water intake; increased net incomes due to yield growth thanks to better water supply of key agricultural crops; drastic drop in the number of disputes and conflicts associated with not only water use but also financial, economic and institutional stability of WUAs; instead of mineralized collector and water, WCs located in the end sections of WUA networks started to get water safe for their crops.
Кыргызстан, Ошская, Кара-Сууский

Establishment of the Right-Bank Main Canal Water User Union (RMC-WUU)

The RMC-WUU is an association of legal entities in the form of Union – a voluntary independent non-profit public organization uniting legal entities (i.e. WUAs) based on common interests with the aim of coordinating actions and protecting shared interests and rights.  RMC-WUU operates in accordance with the Charter approved at the general meeting of water user representatives, has its own stamp and bank account. Actions: The creation of RMC-WUU began with the establishment of the Initiative Group (IG).  The IG consisted of active water specialists, representatives of water users and other stakeholders who saw the need to transit to IWRM.  Further on, the IG carried out social mobilization, drafted necessary documents (the Union’s Charter, etc.), organized the general meeting of water users that approved the Charter and established the Union’s Council (Board).  After that, RMC-WUU underwent legal registration and officially launched its work. Results: RMC-WUU established, legally registered and has been operating until present time; RMC-WUU contributed to the following:- enhanced stability and uniformity of water supply to WUAs via state WMO;- better collection of irrigation service fees paid by WUAs to state WMO. Representing the interests of water users as a member of the RMC Water Committee, RMC-WUU also contributed to decreasing conflicts between WUAs and WMO.
Кыргызстан, Ошская, Кара-Сууский

Establishment of the Aravan-Akbura Main Canal Water User Union (AAMC-WUU)

The AAMC-WUU is an association of legal entities in the form of Union – a voluntary independent non-profit public organization uniting legal entities (i.e. WUAs) based on common interests with the aim of coordinating actions and protecting shared interests and rights.  AAMC-WUU operates as per the Charter approved at the general meeting of water user representatives, has its own stamp and bank account. Actions: The creation of AAMC-WUU began with the establishment of the Initiative Group (IG).  The IG consisted of active water specialists, representatives of water users and other stakeholders who saw the need to transit to IWRM.  Further on, the IG carried out social mobilization, drafted necessary documents (the Union’s Charter, etc.), organized the general meeting of water users that approved the Charter and established the Union’s Council (Board).  After that, AAMC-WUU underwent legal registration and officially launched its work. Results: AAMC-WUU established, legally registered and has been operating until present time; AAMC-WUU contributed to the following:- enhanced stability and uniformity of water supply to WUAs via state WMO;- better collection of water supply service fees paid by WUAs to state WMO. Representing the interests of water users as a member of the RMC Water Committee, AAMC-WUU also contributed to decreasing conflicts between WUAs and WMO.
Кыргызстан, Ошская, Кара-Сууский

Application of tubular outlet flowmeters

Actions: - Construction of tubular water outlet flowmeter with removable nozzles (procurement of polyethylene piping to make tubular water outlets and matching nozzles);- Installation of tubular water outlet flowmeter along temporary sprinklers.  Results: Financial and economic: saving of irrigation water; low cost of irrigation system automation (total kit cost: $500/ha) with the service life of 5 years.  Technical: simple design allowing a more even distribution of irrigation water stream among furrows, thus, ensuring the prescribed water supply mode. Social: improved working conditions of irrigators; lower labor needs/costs; enhanced mutual trust among farmers and water users.
Таджикистан, Хатлонская, Джиликульский

Using low-pressure impulse mist irrigation system for watering agricultural crops

Actions: - Construction of low-pressure impulse mist irrigation system (procurement of polyethylene piping, pumping unit, cassette filter);- Installation of pumping equipment, settling pond, impulse mist sprinkling nozzles. Results: Financial and economic: rational use of irrigation water; enhanced efficiency of water and land resources use; low cost ($4,164/ha) compared to the basic option ($4,326/ha). Ecological: no damage to atmosphere, water and soil and production of ecologically clean agricultural produce. Technical: the system operates under low pressure enough to ensure sufficient mist sprinkling irrigation (high-quality artificial rain) creating the necessary microclimate stimulating proper plant growth and development, ensuring even and highly uniform soil moistening; the system is easy to assemble and operate. Social: reduced irrigation costs on behalf of water users due to smaller volume of consumed irrigation water; increased profitability of farms due to higher crops productivity.
Таджикистан, Районы республиканского подчинения, Рудакинский

Drip irrigation of corn in the Gissar Valley

Actions: Project design and budgeting, procurement of drip irrigation system; Installation of drip irrigation system, corn planting and cultivation, crop care; Accounting of water and resources. Results: Financial and economic: increased labor productivity and farmer incomes, reduced production costs. Ecological: production of ecologically clean goods; prevention of water losses and soil erosion as well as improving soil ecological and reclamation condition. Technical: twofold (52%) increase of corn yields compared to furrow irrigation, 51% saving of irrigation water. Social: increased wellbeing of local residents due to better agricultural yields; reduced hard manual labor.
Таджикистан, Районы республиканского подчинения, Рудакинский

Sprinkling irrigation of alfaalfa in the conditions of Central Tajikistan

Actions: Project design and budgeting, procurement of sprinkling nozzles; Installation of sprinkling irrigation system, alfaalfa planting and cultivation, crop care. Results: Financial and economic: increased farmer incomes due to better alfaalfa hay yields; enhanced labor productivity; reduced production costs. Ecological: improved ecological and reclamation condition of irrigated land; production of ecologically clean goods; significantly reduced unproductive water losses and soil erosion. Technical: increased alfaalfa hay yields (29 t/ha) compared to furrow irrigation (on average 18 t/ha); 40% saving of irrigation water. Social: increased wellbeing of local residents due to better agricultural yields; reduced hard manual labor.
Таджикистан, Районы республиканского подчинения, Рудакинский
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