Название практики | Establishment and development of WUAs, enhancement of technical capacities of intra-farm irrigation and drainage infrastructure | Мелиорация земель системой скважин вертикального дренажа |
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Категория | Водные ресурсы | Водные ресурсы |
Инструмент |
Принцип общественного участия Другое: Methods of integrating water users and WUAs |
Коллекторно-дренажная система |
Сфера использования практики |
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Пригодность практики для адаптации к изменению климата | Умеренная | Умеренная |
Кем реализована практика | Department of Water Management and Reclamation of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) of the Kyrgyz Republic with the support of the World Bank |
Министерство мелиорации и водного хозяйства Казахской ССР |
Где использована практика |
Страна: Кыргызстан Область: Таласская |
Страна: Казахстан Область: Южно-Казахстанская Район: Мактааральский |
Специфика местности, где использована практика | Water User Associations (WUAs) are located in the western and central parts of the Tien Shan Mountains - from the Fergana Valley in the west to the central part of the Tien Shan in the east, from Kazakhstan in the north to the northern part of the Pamir in the south. The territory of Kyrgyzstan stretches for 900 km from west to east and for 410 km from north to south (approximately between latitudes of 39N and 43N). Scale of coverage: 450 WUAs with the serviced area of 736 000 ha; the intra-farm infrastructure consisting of 22.7 thous. km of irrigation canals (including 5.5 thous. km lined and in trays), 4.3 thous. km of open and closed collector and drainage networks, over 250 pools of daily and decade-based regulation, about 20 thous. units of hydro-engineering facilities. |
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Когда использована практика |
Дата начала: 01.01.2001 Дата окончания: 31.12.2013 |
Дата начала: 01.01.1965 Дата окончания: 31.12.1975 |
Проблема, которая решается применением практики | After the country obtained independence, collective and state farms split into multiple small household and country farms, and the water management sector of Kyrgyzstan faced typical transition challenges, including the following key ones:
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Ухудшение мелиоративной обстановки: подъем грунтовых вод, засоление земель. |
Примененные в практике инструменты |
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Техника и технология мелиорации земель системой скважин вертикального дренажа (СВД) |
Описание практики и ее результаты | Actions: Within the framework of the first World Bank Project “Intra-Farm Irrigation” (PVO-1), in the course of 5-6 years more than 450 WUAs were established which are currently independently servicing the intra-farm irrigation network supplying water to over 700 thous. ha of agricultural land. In addition, the intra-farm water supply networks of 354 WUAs were fully re-balanced from the books of rural administrations and other economic entities. 1,138 km of intra-farm irrigation and 142.3 km of collector and drainage networks, 32 day run-off ponds, 3,401 hydro-posts, etc. underwent rehabilitation. Trainings on all aspects of WUA operation (administration, financial management, water use, O&M of WUA irrigation infrastructure, legal framework of WUA activities, monitoring) were conducted covering over 48 thous. WUA members. The Law of the KR “On Water User Unions (Associations)” was adopted (February 2002). 35 Water Management Councils covering 229.4 thous. ha of irrigated land were established. In addition, 14 Unions (Federations) of Water User Associations covering 121.7 thous. ha of irrigated land were created and underwent legal registration across the country. The purposes of such Unions are joint operation and technical maintenance of intra-farm networks located within their respective service zones. In early 2008, the 2nd Project “Intra-Farm Irrigation” (PVO-2) was launched to extend further support to, build the capacity of and train about 500 WUAs in all regions of the republic. Out of them, 29 WUAs covering the irrigated area of approx. 51,000 ha executed rehabilitation operations and upgraded their irrigation and drainage systems. Within the framework of implementing this practice, WUAs received assistance to ensure their ability to effectively and productively use the rehabilitated intra-farm irrigation systems in a sustainable manner with the special focus on water resources and assets management. Results: The practice facilitated capacity building of WUAs, improving of water resources management by WUAs as well as enhancing the technical capacities of intra-farm and drainage infrastructure. |
Мероприятия: Внедрена СВД. До внедрения СВД рассматриваемая территория дренировалась горизонтальным дренажем открытого типа, что не обеспечивало сокращение площади засоленных земель. Результаты: Финансово-экономические: Технические: |
Какие уроки и рекомендации можно извлечь из практики | Lessons learnt: The newly established farm-level institutions – Water User Associations – ensure uniform and stable delivery of irrigation water from state water management organizations to final water users. Recommendations: At present, the capacities of WUAs as well as WUA Unions (Federation) are rather low. Considering the fact that WUAs represent the weakest link in water hierarchy and the role of water users in addressing the tasks of national food, water and environmental security, the government should find ways to support (first of all, financially) WUAs and WUA Unions (Federations). Training of WUA personnel on all aspects of associations’ activities should be carried out on annual basis. |
Уроки: Этот пример был в свое время очень полезным и своевременным, так как стране очень требовалось повысить урожайность хлопчатника. Практика показала высокую эффективность применения СВД в борьбе с засолением земель. Рекомендации: 1. Создание специального Управления по ремонту и эксплуатации систем СВД.
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Источник практики |
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Отечественные инструменты (результат разработок отечественных научно-исследовательских структур) |
Готовность практики к внедрению |
1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие 2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: 3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие 4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется |
1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие 2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: 3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Умеренные 4. Экспертная поддержка: Требуется на стадии поддержания и эксплуатации |
Краткая информация о проекте | Project title: Intra-Farm Irrigation (PVO-1 and PVO-2). Project duration: 2001-2013 (13 years). Project goal and objectives: establish, develop and strengthen WUAs as well as rehabilitate intra-farm irrigation and drainage infrastructure. Project beneficiaries: water users and WUAs. Project implementer: Department of Water Management and Reclamation of the MoA of Kyrgyzstan |
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Источник финансирования практики | World Bank | Министерство мелиорации и водного хозяйства СССР |
Источники информации о практике | Online publications:
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Решеткина Н.М. и др. «Вертикальный дренаж», Москва: Колос, 1978. – 319 с. |
Контактные данные лица, заполнившего форму | SIC ICWC |
НИЦ МКВК |
Дата заполнения формы | 18.05.2018 | 09.08.2017 |