Название практики | Set of hydro-reclamation measures | Application of furrow-based counter irrigation |
---|---|---|
Категория | Водные ресурсы | Водные ресурсы |
Инструмент | Комплекс гидромелиоративных мер | Техника и технология полива |
Сфера использования практики |
|
|
Пригодность практики для адаптации к изменению климата | Низкая | Умеренная |
Кем реализована практика | Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ) |
Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI) |
Где использована практика |
Страна: Туркменистан Область: Марыйская Район: Сакарчагинский Другой населенный пункт: Zakhmet Daikhan Farm |
Страна: Узбекистан Область: Хорезмская Район: Урганчский |
Специфика местности, где использована практика | Sakar-Chaga District (area of 53,000 ha; population of 132,000 people) is located in the northwestern part of Mary Region in the Murgab River delta. The majority of local residents live in the oasis hosting 80% of settlements. |
Khorezm Region lies in the northwest of Uzbekistan (between the latitudes of 40N and 42N and longitudes of 60E and 62E). The Region stretches for 280 km from northwest to southeast, and for 80 km – from west to east. The adyr relief is mainly formed by moist-type playa and, to a lesser extent, by meadow and grey-dessert soils; the depressions relief is formed by sands. |
Когда использована практика |
Дата начала: 01.01.2009 Дата окончания: 31.12.2010 |
Дата начала: 01.01.2004 Дата окончания: 31.12.2016 |
Проблема, которая решается применением практики | Land salination represents the main challenge in the area due to improper irrigation technology and lack of drainage, in their turn leading to extremely low productivity. With time, the existing irrigation management system resulted in irrational use of water and land. While water distribution rates were calculated in a centralized manner depending on specific crops, in practice water supply monitoring is extremely poor – water supply (canals) infrastructure is inconsistent with farmers’ needs leading to excessive and, vice versa, insufficient watering of different sites. In addition, there exists an informal water payment system leading to the advantageous position of certain users. |
Inefficient field-level use of irrigation water |
Примененные в практике инструменты | Set of hydro-reclamation measures: preventive land forming (leveling), composting, monitoring of ground water bedding and mineralization, decentralized water management planning, capacity building, etc. |
Technology of furrow-based counter irrigation |
Описание практики и ее результаты | Actions: A series of measures were executed to prevent land degradation and improve land reclamation condition, including introduction of high-performance drainage systems and reclamation technologies, construction of a new collector and cleaning of the existing one, construction of 9 water-regulating and 2 water-measuring facilities. Results:
|
Technology applicability In the majority of Central Asian countries, irrigated agriculture is based on flooding irrigation (ex.: wheat) and/or furrow-based irrigation (other crops). Against the background of climate change and global water shortage, the traditional and/or currently practiced irrigation methods have lost their relevance and are no longer justified, in particular, in the Aral Sea area. In addition, watering the whole field of uneven relief based on traditional furrow-based technique requires long time. In many cases, traditional watering leads to uneven water distribution (alternating dry and bogging spots) across the field and rising ground water level. The suggested technology of counter irrigation is suitable for watering areas with even/flat relief, i.e. flat/lowland territories of Central Asian countries. Technology description The technology is quite simple and consists of simultaneous irrigation of a field from two sides. It was appraised in Uzbekistan’s northwestern part within the framework of the ZEF/UNESCO Project. The technology’s pilot application demonstrated that furrow-based counter irrigation can be used as a technical option of irrigating undeviating (even) sites and increases water efficiency due to more uniform water distribution along furrows. This effective water-conservation technology has been already widely tested in Central Asian countries, including Uzbekistan (Syr Darya and Khorezm Regions) by SANIIRI. Advantages
|
Какие уроки и рекомендации можно извлечь из практики | Lessons learnt:
Recommendations: It is necessary to focus on strengthening the role of local associations in rendering irrigation services and managing the canal’s water level. Local water users will be rendered an opportunity to design effective irrigation water management schemes. The experience of decentralized water planning and management accumulated by water tenants will be documented and distributed as a part of knowledge-management (capacity-building) strategy. It is necessary to closely cooperate with the newly established Agriculture Advisory Service working on sustainable land and water management, as well as to disseminate corresponding practices in other areas. |
Lessons learnt: The furrow-based counter irrigation technology is rather simple (entails simultaneous irrigation of a field from both sides) and represents a justified technical option of irrigating undeviating (even) relief land and increasing water efficiency due to more uniform water distribution along furrows. Recommendations: The irrigation technology is recommended for application by farmers prior to controlling ground water level and enhancing land reclamation condition via more radical measures. Under the condition of available investment, this watering method can be widely introduced on engineered basis. |
Источник практики | Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations) |
|
Готовность практики к внедрению |
1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие 2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: 3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие 4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется |
1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие 2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: 3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие 4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется |
Краткая информация о проекте | Project title: Local-level capacity building and investment for sustainable management of land resources. Project duration: 2009-2010. Project goal and objectives: overcoming barriers to higher efficiency and performance of water supply systems in climate change induced drought conditions. Project beneficiaries: Zakhmet Daikhan Farm (approximately 300 daikhan households). Project implementer: Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ). |
Project beneficiaries: water consumers and WUAs. Project implementer: Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI) |
Источник финансирования практики | UNDP and Global Environmental Facility | ZEF/UNESCO in the Republic of Uzbekistan |
Источники информации о практике | 1) Reference Book on climatically optimized investment in rural areas of the Aral Sea Basin (based on the examples of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan), Tashkent 2016; 2) Paluashova, G.K., Shirokova, Yu.I. “Efficiency of furrow-based counter irrigation of cotton in Khorezm conditions” (http://www.cawater-info.net/bk /improvement- irrigated-agriculture/files/paluashova-shirokova.pdf); 3) Paluashova, G. (2005), “Investigating land saline regime due to changed irrigation technology in the conditions of Khorezm Oasis. Materials of “Scientific Support as a Factor of Sustainable Water Sector Development” International Research and Applied Conference (Taraz, Kazakhstan). |
|
Контактные данные лица, заполнившего форму | SIC ICWC |
SIC ICWC |
Дата заполнения формы | 17.04.2018 | 18.05.2018 |