Название практики |
Set of hydro-reclamation measures |
Land reclamation via vertical drainage wells |
Category |
Water resources |
Water resources |
Tool |
Set of hydro-reclamation measures |
Collector-drainage system |
Field of application |
- Use of water resources
- Use of land resources
- Environmental protection
|
• Use of water resources • Use of land resources |
Usability of practice for adaptation to climate change |
Low |
Moderate |
Implemented by |
Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ)
|
Ministry of Reclamation and Water Management of the Republic of Kazakhstan
|
Used by |
Country: Turkmenistan
Province: Mary Region
District: Sakarçäge District
Other settlement: Zakhmet Daikhan Farm
|
Country: Kazakhstan
Province: South Kazakhstan Region
District: Maktaaral District
|
Local specifics |
Sakar-Chaga District (area of 53,000 ha; population of 132,000 people) is located in the northwestern part of Mary Region in the Murgab River delta. The majority of local residents live in the oasis hosting 80% of settlements. |
• Upstream (Ferghana) and midstream (Syr Darya) of the Syr Darya River • Ebb occurrence of highly mineralized ground water |
Practice usage period |
Start date: 01.01.2009
End date: 31.12.2010
|
Start date: 01.01.1965
End date: 31.12.1975
|
Problem solved through this practice |
Land salination represents the main challenge in the area due to improper irrigation technology and lack of drainage, in their turn leading to extremely low productivity. With time, the existing irrigation management system resulted in irrational use of water and land. While water distribution rates were calculated in a centralized manner depending on specific crops, in practice water supply monitoring is extremely poor – water supply (canals) infrastructure is inconsistent with farmers’ needs leading to excessive and, vice versa, insufficient watering of different sites. In addition, there exists an informal water payment system leading to the advantageous position of certain users. |
Deterioration of reclamation situation: rising of ground water, land salination |
Tools used in the practice |
Set of hydro-reclamation measures: preventive land forming (leveling), composting, monitoring of ground water bedding and mineralization, decentralized water management planning, capacity building, etc. |
Technique and technology of land reclamation via a system of vertical drainage wells (VDW) |
Description of the practice and its results |
Actions:
A series of measures were executed to prevent land degradation and improve land reclamation condition, including introduction of high-performance drainage systems and reclamation technologies, construction of a new collector and cleaning of the existing one, construction of 9 water-regulating and 2 water-measuring facilities.
Results:
- 50 hectares of degraded land rehabilitated and can be used for agricultural purposes. About 35 ha of land saved from degradation thanks to preventive land forming;
- regular seminars held for land users on potential ways of applying various advanced methods of maintaining rural economy and effective use of water resources;
- about 60 measuring stations installed to monitor the level and mineralization of ground water.
|
Actions:
A VDW system set up. Prior to its installation, the area was drained via a horizontal open-type drain-age network ineffective as to reducing the mass of salinized land.
Comprehensive VDW efforts significantly enhanced drainage.
However, currently due to the absence of a single organization responsible for VDW operation, maintenance and repair, the VDW systems recon-structed under World Bank and Asian Development Bank projects do not perform as effectively as ini-tially.
Results:
Financial and economic: Increased cotton yields (from 10-15 up to 30-35 dt/ha).
Technical: Successful response to land salination in 3 districts: ground water table steadily kept at 2-3 m depth leading to a sharp contraction of salinized land area. |
Lessons learnt and recommendations made |
Lessons learnt:
- salinized land was rehabilitated not only thanks to reclamation actions but also by composting. In particular, high-quality humus is produced to enhance soil salinity parameters;
- the process of designing water use plans for individual farmers launched;
- one new collector built.
Recommendations:
It is necessary to focus on strengthening the role of local associations in rendering irrigation services and managing the canal’s water level. Local water users will be rendered an opportunity to design effective irrigation water management schemes. The experience of decentralized water planning and management accumulated by water tenants will be documented and distributed as a part of knowledge-management (capacity-building) strategy. It is necessary to closely cooperate with the newly established Agriculture Advisory Service working on sustainable land and water management, as well as to disseminate corresponding practices in other areas. |
Lessons learnt:
In due time, the model proved useful and timely, as the country urgently needed to increase its cotton yields. The practice demonstrated high efficiency of VDW in combatting land salination.
Recommendations:
1. Establish a special VDW System Maintenance and Operation Department; 2. Build personnel capacity: • Continual training of personnel in the Department and Provincial Hydrogeological and Land Reclamation Expedition; • Drafting and distribution of training materi-als. |
Source of practice |
Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations) |
Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations) |
Readiness for implementation |
1. Cost of implementation: High
2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:
3. O&M costs: High
4. Expert support: Not needed
|
1. Cost of implementation: Moderate
2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:
3. O&M costs: High
4. Expert support: Not needed
|
Brief information on the project |
Project title: Local-level capacity building and investment for sustainable management of land resources.
Project duration: 2009-2010.
Project goal and objectives: overcoming barriers to higher efficiency and performance of water supply systems in climate change induced drought conditions.
Project beneficiaries: Zakhmet Daikhan Farm (approximately 300 daikhan households).
Project implementer: Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ). |
|
Funding source |
UNDP and Global Environmental Facility |
Ministry of Reclamation and Water Management of the USSR |
Information sources |
http://www.turkmenistan.ru/?page_id=3&lang_id=ru&elem_id=17207&type=event&layout=print&sort=date_desc |
Reshetkina N.M. et al. “Vertical Drainage”, Moscow: Kolos, 1978. – 319 p. |
Contacts of a person, who filled this form |
SIC ICWC |
SIC ICWC |
Form submission date |
17.04.2018 |
26.03.2018 |