Название практики | Increasing water availability of desert pastures | Повышение эффективности орошения путем лазерной планировки орошаемых земель |
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Category | Water resources | Water resources |
Tool | System for enhancing water availability | Irrigation technique and technology |
Field of application |
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Usability of practice for adaptation to climate change | High | Moderate |
Implemented by | Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ) |
Департамент по управлению Фондом мелиоративного улучшения орошаемых земель |
Used by |
Country: Turkmenistan Province: Ahal Region Other settlement: Yerbent |
Country: Uzbekistan Province: Fergana Region District: Kuva District Other settlement: ФХ «Хамроли ота» (Кува) и ФХ «Азамат тажрибакор» (Мирзаабад) |
Local specifics | The site (nearly 842,000 hectares; population of 8,000 people) is located in the Central Kara Kum Desert. The relief is represented by the combination of “barkhans” (sand dunes) of various forms and “takyr” (dry-type playa) depressions. The majority of the area is covered by desert pastures. |
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Practice usage period |
Start date: 01.01.2009 End date: 31.12.2010 |
Start date: 01.01.2010 End date: 31.12.2012 |
Problem solved through this practice | As soon as people began to lead a settled life, they shifted away from the traditional way of livestock grazing. The land became subject to strenuous exploitation, especially near settlements and watering sites. Saxaul thickets were cut down for heating and cooking purposes. The thickets were unable to restore over time due to overgrazing. Frequent movement of sand dunes and severe sandstorms threaten not only dwellings and social infrastructure, but also degrade soil and destroy the limited number of available water wells. Degraded pastures fail to yield enough livestock forage. The shortage of watering sites leads to consolidation of large numbers of animals around existing wells. Structural changes in livestock production (more goats and cattle instead of camels; more unprotected pastures around settlements instead of distant pastures) lead to vegetation cover degradation, in particular, around settlements and watering sites. |
Деградация земель, потеря воды на поле, уменьшение эффективности орошения и промывки засоленных земель, неэффективное распределение водных ресурсов, повышение уровня грунтовых вод. |
Tools used in the practice | Technology for combatting desertification and droughts by proper management of wells and watering sites (construction and repair of wells, building mechanical protection from reed mats and Saxaul saplings) |
Технология лазерной планировки орошаемых земель |
Description of the practice and its results | Actions: 8 new wells built and 6 existing wells repaired, and mechanical protection (reed mats and Saxaul saplings) set up on the territory of 27 hectares. Water wells also underwent small-scale repair and construction to expand the area of pasturable land and prevent localized degradation. Results: After the restoration of wells, desert pastures became subject to even and rational use; installation of mechanical protection allowed to stop the approaching sand dunes around settlements. |
Лазерная технология первоначально применялась при освоении целинных земель для капитальной планировки земель. Позже она стала применяться для текущей планировки. В последние годы из-за нехватки ресурсов практика использования лазерной технологии почти прекратилась, но на данном примере видно - насколько применение этого инструмента актуально в настоящее время. Мероприятия: • нивелировка местности (поля), Результаты: Технические: Финансово-экономические: Экологические: |
Lessons learnt and recommendations made | Lessons learnt: The capacity of watering sites was increased by way of improving the existing infrastructure and, where possible, building new wells infrastructure. The newly drilled wells significantly aid local population in maintaining their livestock and households. Recommendations: It is necessary to test traditional drought-resistant grain crops. |
Уроки: Эта практика показывает необходимость периодической текущей лазерной планировки орошаемых земель для повышения эффективности орошения. Рекомендации: Применение лазерной технологии для текущей планировки орошаемых земель желательно сочетать с глубоким рыхлением земель |
Source of practice |
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Зарубежные инструменты (передача зарубежного опыта) |
Readiness for implementation |
1. Cost of implementation: High 2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha: 3. O&M costs: High 4. Expert support: Not needed |
1. Cost of implementation: High 2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha: 3. O&M costs: Low 4. Expert support: Needed at implementation stage |
Brief information on the project | Project title: Local-level capacity building and investment for sustainable management of land resources. Project duration: 2009-2010. Project goal and objectives: combating desertification and droughts. Project beneficiaries: farmers and representatives of local executive bodies in several settlements. Project implementer: Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan and German Technical Cooperation Agency (GIZ). |
Название: Применение ГИС технологий в мелиорации. |
Funding source | UNDP and Global Environmental Facility | ПРООН |
Information sources | Журнал Экологический вестник №11 от 2012 года. Руководство по лазерной планировке земель, http://lrf.uz/?p=286&lang=ru |
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Contacts of a person, who filled this form | SIC ICWC |
НИЦ МКВК |
Form submission date | 17.04.2018 | 22.08.2017 |