Название практики |
Increasing water availability of pastures by constructing sardobas |
Irrigation of pastures and hayfield meadows using Simulta-neous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) |
Category |
Water resources |
Water resources |
Tool |
System for enhancing water availability |
Sprinkling system |
Field of application |
- Use of water resources
- Use of land resources
- Environmental protection
|
Use of water resources |
Usability of practice for adaptation to climate change |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Implemented by |
Ministry of Nature Conservation of Turkmenistan
|
Kazakh Water Management Research Institute (KazNIIWKh)
|
Used by |
Country: Turkmenistan
|
Country: Kazakhstan
Province: Jambyl Region
|
Local specifics |
17,238 ha of barkhan (sand dune), takyr (dry-type playa) and solonchak (moist-type playa) sites of the Kara Kum Desert; deep ground water occurrence |
The site is located in the foothills with significant difference in elevation |
Practice usage period |
Start date: 01.01.2012
End date: 31.12.2016
|
Start date: 01.01.2006
End date: 31.12.2007
|
Problem solved through this practice |
Desertification and decreased productivity of desert pastures due to over-grazing around existing cattle watering sites |
Water erosion, discharge, uneven distribution of irrigation water, poor yields |
Tools used in the practice |
Technology of building sardobas (stone-dome covered water collection and storage reservoirs) to enhance pasture water supply |
Technique and technology for irrigation based on Simultaneous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) |
Description of the practice and its results |
Main actions:
- mudflow and flood risk assessment and surveying local population regarding sardobas’ locations.
Actions:
- selection of takyrs to construct sardobas jointly with local cattle-farmers;
- construction of sardobas jointly with local cattle-farmers;
- cleaning takyr surfaces.
Results:
- pastures that were not previously utilized due to absence of water sources returned to pasture rotation;
- pastures destroyed due to over-grazing started to restore;
- increased herd productivity due to reduced passage distances and higher fodder value of pastures.
|
Actions:
Deployment of the Simultaneous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) allowing extremely uniform and simultaneous dispersion of irrigation water across all sections of arable pasture or hayfield meadow. Water expenditure at the impulse device makes 0.05-0.3 l/sec and 0.25-2.0 l/sec in the irrigation pipeline, thus, reducing (3-4 times) the costs associated with the pipeline network installation compared to other sprinkling systems (kits). The pipeline network is built of 15-25 mm diameter pipes easy to transport and assemble in mountainous conditions.
Technical characteristics:
Operation modes: automatic and manual
Irrigated area: 10 ha
Water consumption: up to 100 m3/day
Average sprinkling (rain) intensity: 0.002-0.008 mm/min
EFFICIENCY: 99%
MOC: 98%
Watering automation level: 100%
Results:
- Ensured water supply according to crops requirements with the account of changing weather conditions and moisture deposits in active soil layer;
- Elimination of : 1) water-induced soil erosion, 2) puddling and 3) discharge run-off;
- No need for water recirculation among irrigation sections.
|
Lessons learnt and recommendations made |
Lessons learnt:
Construction of sardobas in takyr areas allows enhancing pasture water supply, thus, leading to the restoration of over-grazed pastures.
Recommendations:
The practice requires long-term planning and an integrated response with the early-on engagement of desertification experts (designing a set of measures to protect takyrs from sand drifts), state agencies (technical assistance) and pasture users (observance of pasture rotation schemes, prevention of takyrs from contamination and pollution). |
Lessons learnt:
The advantages of impulse sprinkling irrigation were confirmed by the research efforts on other test sites of KAZNIIVKh in Jambyl Region that allowed increasing biological productivity of Golden Delicious apple variety by 10.1-36.8%, and commercial productivity – by 16.6-49.4% compared to conventional sprinkling irrigation systems.
Recommendations:
It is necessary to continue application of similar practices in foothill areas in Central Asia subject to power supply shortages. |
Source of practice |
Traditional tools transferred from generation to generation that proved their efficiency in modern conditions |
Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations) |
Readiness for implementation |
1. Cost of implementation: Low
2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha: $1,000-5,000
3. O&M costs: Low
4. Expert support: Needed at implementation stage
|
1. Cost of implementation: High
2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:
3. O&M costs: High
4. Expert support: Not needed
|
Brief information on the project |
Project title: Responding to climate change risks for dekhan farming system of Turkmenistan on national and local levels.
Project duration: 2012-2016.
Project goal and objectives: build the adaptation capacity to respond to climate change impacts, including variability on local and national levels.
Project beneficiaries: Bori Settlement (over 1,100 people) and Bo-Kurdak Settlement (about 4,500 people).
Project implementer: Ministry of Nature Conservation and UNDP |
|
Funding source |
Government of Turkmenistan, Adaptation Facility |
Ministry of Agriculture of the RK |
Information sources |
tm.undp.org |
|
Contacts of a person, who filled this form |
SIC ICWC |
SIC ICWC |
Form submission date |
04.04.2018 |
30.03.2018 |