Название практики |
Increasing water availability of pastures by constructing sardobas |
Improving water distribution in water user association/s (WUA) |
Category |
Water resources |
Water resources |
Tool |
System for enhancing water availability |
Water distribution technology |
Field of application |
- Use of water resources
- Use of land resources
- Environmental protection
|
Use of water resources |
Usability of practice for adaptation to climate change |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Implemented by |
Ministry of Nature Conservation of Turkmenistan
|
IWMI Tashkent Office jointly with Counterpart representatives
|
Used by |
Country: Turkmenistan
|
Country: Kazakhstan
Province: South Kazakhstan Region
District: Maktaaral District
|
Local specifics |
17,238 ha of barkhan (sand dune), takyr (dry-type playa) and solonchak (moist-type playa) sites of the Kara Kum Desert; deep ground water occurrence |
Rural Water Consumer Cooperatives (RWCC) are located in the tail part of Dostyk and Turkestan Main Canals (TMC) |
Practice usage period |
Start date: 01.01.2012
End date: 31.12.2016
|
Start date: 01.01.2006
End date: 31.12.2006
|
Problem solved through this practice |
Desertification and decreased productivity of desert pastures due to over-grazing around existing cattle watering sites |
Conflicts between water users associated with water distribution;
Loss of water from canals (due to filtration and discharge) |
Tools used in the practice |
Technology of building sardobas (stone-dome covered water collection and storage reservoirs) to enhance pasture water supply |
- Survey among stakeholders,
- Microsoft Excel computer-based planning of water use,
- Seminars to train water users on computer-based technologies and water accounting
|
Description of the practice and its results |
Main actions:
- mudflow and flood risk assessment and surveying local population regarding sardobas’ locations.
Actions:
- selection of takyrs to construct sardobas jointly with local cattle-farmers;
- construction of sardobas jointly with local cattle-farmers;
- cleaning takyr surfaces.
Results:
- pastures that were not previously utilized due to absence of water sources returned to pasture rotation;
- pastures destroyed due to over-grazing started to restore;
- increased herd productivity due to reduced passage distances and higher fodder value of pastures.
|
Actions:
Based on the location of RWCCs and with the account of recommendations by akimats (local governance bodies), 8 RWCCs were selected to conduct a survey based on specially prepared questionnaires. Survey results showed that the main issues in target rural areas were water distribution among consumers and drawing up water use plans (WUP) for RWCCs. The proceeding trainings seminars focused on exactly these themes. At the end of the year, the monitoring of the introduction of new water distribution methods was conducted.
Results:
Application of this water distribution practice allowed to sharply reduce the quantity of conflict situations as well as nearly eliminate water losses due to filtration at the canals’ headworks and discharge. |
Lessons learnt and recommendations made |
Lessons learnt:
Construction of sardobas in takyr areas allows enhancing pasture water supply, thus, leading to the restoration of over-grazed pastures.
Recommendations:
The practice requires long-term planning and an integrated response with the early-on engagement of desertification experts (designing a set of measures to protect takyrs from sand drifts), state agencies (technical assistance) and pasture users (observance of pasture rotation schemes, prevention of takyrs from contamination and pollution). |
Lessons learnt:
Hourly water distribution allows more flexibility in the context of water deficit. After the trainings for water users and WUAs personnel on hourly water distribution, the number of corresponding conflicts decreased.
Recommendations:
Considering the high turnover of RWCC staff, the trainings should be repeated on annual basis. Hourly water distribution schemes should be used in locations/periods of acute water shortage. |
Source of practice |
Traditional tools transferred from generation to generation that proved their efficiency in modern conditions |
- Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations)
- Foreign tools (transfer of foreign experience)
|
Readiness for implementation |
1. Cost of implementation: Low
2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha: $1,000-5,000
3. O&M costs: Low
4. Expert support: Needed at implementation stage
|
1. Cost of implementation: High
2. Approximate cost of investment per 1 ha:
3. O&M costs: High
4. Expert support: Not needed
|
Brief information on the project |
Project title: Responding to climate change risks for dekhan farming system of Turkmenistan on national and local levels.
Project duration: 2012-2016.
Project goal and objectives: build the adaptation capacity to respond to climate change impacts, including variability on local and national levels.
Project beneficiaries: Bori Settlement (over 1,100 people) and Bo-Kurdak Settlement (about 4,500 people).
Project implementer: Ministry of Nature Conservation and UNDP |
Counterpart holds seminars, training courses and programs on effective use of water resources in Kazakhstan with the aim of assisting farmers and other land users in building up their corresponding skills as well as teaching them basic water use principles. In the course of its collaboration with Counterpart, IWMI analyzed and studied the reclamation condition of irrigated land plots and the technical state of irrigation and drainage networks in Makhtaaral and Turkestan Districts of Southern Kazakhstan Region.
Project title: Support Program for water associations in Southern Kazakhstan
Project duration: 1 year
Project goal and objectives: train water users on new water distribution techniques, computer technologies for drawing WUPs, most simple methods of water accounting.
Project beneficiaries: water consumers
Project implementer: local akimats
Project donor: USAID |
Funding source |
Government of Turkmenistan, Adaptation Facility |
Support Program for water associations in Southern Kazakhstan |
Information sources |
tm.undp.org |
IWMI Report “Training on water management on RWCC level and drawing up the water use plan for Makhtaaral and Turkestan Districts of Southern Kazakhstan Region”, Tashkent 2006 |
Contacts of a person, who filled this form |
SIC ICWC |
SIC ICWC |
Form submission date |
04.04.2018 |
30.03.2018 |