Название практики |
Increasing water availability of pastures by constructing sardobas |
Land reclamation via vertical drainage wells |
Категория |
Водные ресурсы |
Водные ресурсы |
Инструмент |
Система повышения водообеспеченности |
Коллекторно-дренажная система |
Сфера использования практики |
- Use of water resources
- Use of land resources
- Environmental protection
|
• Use of water resources • Use of land resources |
Пригодность практики для адаптации к изменению климата |
Умеренная |
Умеренная |
Кем реализована практика |
Ministry of Nature Conservation of Turkmenistan
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Ministry of Reclamation and Water Management of the Republic of Kazakhstan
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Где использована практика |
Страна: Туркменистан
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Страна: Казахстан
Область: Южно-Казахстанская
Район: Мактааральский
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Специфика местности, где использована практика |
17,238 ha of barkhan (sand dune), takyr (dry-type playa) and solonchak (moist-type playa) sites of the Kara Kum Desert; deep ground water occurrence |
• Upstream (Ferghana) and midstream (Syr Darya) of the Syr Darya River • Ebb occurrence of highly mineralized ground water |
Когда использована практика |
Дата начала: 01.01.2012
Дата окончания: 31.12.2016
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Дата начала: 01.01.1965
Дата окончания: 31.12.1975
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Проблема, которая решается применением практики |
Desertification and decreased productivity of desert pastures due to over-grazing around existing cattle watering sites |
Deterioration of reclamation situation: rising of ground water, land salination |
Примененные в практике инструменты |
Technology of building sardobas (stone-dome covered water collection and storage reservoirs) to enhance pasture water supply |
Technique and technology of land reclamation via a system of vertical drainage wells (VDW) |
Описание практики и ее результаты |
Main actions:
- mudflow and flood risk assessment and surveying local population regarding sardobas’ locations.
Actions:
- selection of takyrs to construct sardobas jointly with local cattle-farmers;
- construction of sardobas jointly with local cattle-farmers;
- cleaning takyr surfaces.
Results:
- pastures that were not previously utilized due to absence of water sources returned to pasture rotation;
- pastures destroyed due to over-grazing started to restore;
- increased herd productivity due to reduced passage distances and higher fodder value of pastures.
|
Actions:
A VDW system set up. Prior to its installation, the area was drained via a horizontal open-type drain-age network ineffective as to reducing the mass of salinized land.
Comprehensive VDW efforts significantly enhanced drainage.
However, currently due to the absence of a single organization responsible for VDW operation, maintenance and repair, the VDW systems recon-structed under World Bank and Asian Development Bank projects do not perform as effectively as ini-tially.
Results:
Financial and economic: Increased cotton yields (from 10-15 up to 30-35 dt/ha).
Technical: Successful response to land salination in 3 districts: ground water table steadily kept at 2-3 m depth leading to a sharp contraction of salinized land area. |
Какие уроки и рекомендации можно извлечь из практики |
Lessons learnt:
Construction of sardobas in takyr areas allows enhancing pasture water supply, thus, leading to the restoration of over-grazed pastures.
Recommendations:
The practice requires long-term planning and an integrated response with the early-on engagement of desertification experts (designing a set of measures to protect takyrs from sand drifts), state agencies (technical assistance) and pasture users (observance of pasture rotation schemes, prevention of takyrs from contamination and pollution). |
Lessons learnt:
In due time, the model proved useful and timely, as the country urgently needed to increase its cotton yields. The practice demonstrated high efficiency of VDW in combatting land salination.
Recommendations:
1. Establish a special VDW System Maintenance and Operation Department; 2. Build personnel capacity: • Continual training of personnel in the Department and Provincial Hydrogeological and Land Reclamation Expedition; • Drafting and distribution of training materi-als. |
Источник практики |
Traditional tools transferred from generation to generation that proved their efficiency in modern conditions |
Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations) |
Готовность практики к внедрению |
1. Затраты на внедрение: Низкие
2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: $1,000-5,000
3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Низкие
4. Экспертная поддержка: Требуется на стадии внедрения
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1. Затраты на внедрение: Умеренные
2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га:
3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие
4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется
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Краткая информация о проекте |
Project title: Responding to climate change risks for dekhan farming system of Turkmenistan on national and local levels.
Project duration: 2012-2016.
Project goal and objectives: build the adaptation capacity to respond to climate change impacts, including variability on local and national levels.
Project beneficiaries: Bori Settlement (over 1,100 people) and Bo-Kurdak Settlement (about 4,500 people).
Project implementer: Ministry of Nature Conservation and UNDP |
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Источник финансирования практики |
Government of Turkmenistan, Adaptation Facility |
Ministry of Reclamation and Water Management of the USSR |
Источники информации о практике |
tm.undp.org |
Reshetkina N.M. et al. “Vertical Drainage”, Moscow: Kolos, 1978. – 319 p. |
Контактные данные лица, заполнившего форму |
SIC ICWC |
SIC ICWC |
Дата заполнения формы |
04.04.2018 |
26.03.2018 |