Название практики | Irrigation of pastures and hayfield meadows using Simulta-neous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) | Establishment and development of WUAs, enhancement of technical capacities of intra-farm irrigation and drainage infrastructure |
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Категория | Водные ресурсы | Водные ресурсы |
Инструмент | Система дождевания |
Принцип общественного участия Другое: Methods of integrating water users and WUAs |
Сфера использования практики | Use of water resources |
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Пригодность практики для адаптации к изменению климата | Умеренная | Умеренная |
Кем реализована практика | Kazakh Water Management Research Institute (KazNIIWKh) |
Department of Water Management and Reclamation of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) of the Kyrgyz Republic with the support of the World Bank |
Где использована практика |
Страна: Казахстан Область: Жамбылская |
Страна: Кыргызстан Область: Таласская |
Специфика местности, где использована практика | The site is located in the foothills with significant difference in elevation |
Water User Associations (WUAs) are located in the western and central parts of the Tien Shan Mountains - from the Fergana Valley in the west to the central part of the Tien Shan in the east, from Kazakhstan in the north to the northern part of the Pamir in the south. The territory of Kyrgyzstan stretches for 900 km from west to east and for 410 km from north to south (approximately between latitudes of 39N and 43N). Scale of coverage: 450 WUAs with the serviced area of 736 000 ha; the intra-farm infrastructure consisting of 22.7 thous. km of irrigation canals (including 5.5 thous. km lined and in trays), 4.3 thous. km of open and closed collector and drainage networks, over 250 pools of daily and decade-based regulation, about 20 thous. units of hydro-engineering facilities. |
Когда использована практика |
Дата начала: 01.01.2006 Дата окончания: 31.12.2007 |
Дата начала: 01.01.2001 Дата окончания: 31.12.2013 |
Проблема, которая решается применением практики | Water erosion, discharge, uneven distribution of irrigation water, poor yields |
After the country obtained independence, collective and state farms split into multiple small household and country farms, and the water management sector of Kyrgyzstan faced typical transition challenges, including the following key ones:
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Примененные в практике инструменты | Technique and technology for irrigation based on Simultaneous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) |
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Описание практики и ее результаты | Actions: Deployment of the Simultaneous Impulse Sprinkling Kit (KSID-10S) allowing extremely uniform and simultaneous dispersion of irrigation water across all sections of arable pasture or hayfield meadow. Water expenditure at the impulse device makes 0.05-0.3 l/sec and 0.25-2.0 l/sec in the irrigation pipeline, thus, reducing (3-4 times) the costs associated with the pipeline network installation compared to other sprinkling systems (kits). The pipeline network is built of 15-25 mm diameter pipes easy to transport and assemble in mountainous conditions. Technical characteristics: Operation modes: automatic and manual Irrigated area: 10 ha Water consumption: up to 100 m3/day Average sprinkling (rain) intensity: 0.002-0.008 mm/min EFFICIENCY: 99% MOC: 98% Watering automation level: 100%
Results:
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Actions: Within the framework of the first World Bank Project “Intra-Farm Irrigation” (PVO-1), in the course of 5-6 years more than 450 WUAs were established which are currently independently servicing the intra-farm irrigation network supplying water to over 700 thous. ha of agricultural land. In addition, the intra-farm water supply networks of 354 WUAs were fully re-balanced from the books of rural administrations and other economic entities. 1,138 km of intra-farm irrigation and 142.3 km of collector and drainage networks, 32 day run-off ponds, 3,401 hydro-posts, etc. underwent rehabilitation. Trainings on all aspects of WUA operation (administration, financial management, water use, O&M of WUA irrigation infrastructure, legal framework of WUA activities, monitoring) were conducted covering over 48 thous. WUA members. The Law of the KR “On Water User Unions (Associations)” was adopted (February 2002). 35 Water Management Councils covering 229.4 thous. ha of irrigated land were established. In addition, 14 Unions (Federations) of Water User Associations covering 121.7 thous. ha of irrigated land were created and underwent legal registration across the country. The purposes of such Unions are joint operation and technical maintenance of intra-farm networks located within their respective service zones. In early 2008, the 2nd Project “Intra-Farm Irrigation” (PVO-2) was launched to extend further support to, build the capacity of and train about 500 WUAs in all regions of the republic. Out of them, 29 WUAs covering the irrigated area of approx. 51,000 ha executed rehabilitation operations and upgraded their irrigation and drainage systems. Within the framework of implementing this practice, WUAs received assistance to ensure their ability to effectively and productively use the rehabilitated intra-farm irrigation systems in a sustainable manner with the special focus on water resources and assets management. Results: The practice facilitated capacity building of WUAs, improving of water resources management by WUAs as well as enhancing the technical capacities of intra-farm and drainage infrastructure. |
Какие уроки и рекомендации можно извлечь из практики | Lessons learnt: The advantages of impulse sprinkling irrigation were confirmed by the research efforts on other test sites of KAZNIIVKh in Jambyl Region that allowed increasing biological productivity of Golden Delicious apple variety by 10.1-36.8%, and commercial productivity – by 16.6-49.4% compared to conventional sprinkling irrigation systems. Recommendations: It is necessary to continue application of similar practices in foothill areas in Central Asia subject to power supply shortages. |
Lessons learnt: The newly established farm-level institutions – Water User Associations – ensure uniform and stable delivery of irrigation water from state water management organizations to final water users. Recommendations: At present, the capacities of WUAs as well as WUA Unions (Federation) are rather low. Considering the fact that WUAs represent the weakest link in water hierarchy and the role of water users in addressing the tasks of national food, water and environmental security, the government should find ways to support (first of all, financially) WUAs and WUA Unions (Federations). Training of WUA personnel on all aspects of associations’ activities should be carried out on annual basis. |
Источник практики | Domestic tools (outcomes of research by domestic R&D organizations) |
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Готовность практики к внедрению |
1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие 2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: 3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие 4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется |
1. Затраты на внедрение: Высокие 2. Примерная стоимость капиталовложений на 1 га: 3. Затраты на поддержание и эксплуатацию: Высокие 4. Экспертная поддержка: Не требуется |
Краткая информация о проекте | Project title: Intra-Farm Irrigation (PVO-1 and PVO-2). Project duration: 2001-2013 (13 years). Project goal and objectives: establish, develop and strengthen WUAs as well as rehabilitate intra-farm irrigation and drainage infrastructure. Project beneficiaries: water users and WUAs. Project implementer: Department of Water Management and Reclamation of the MoA of Kyrgyzstan |
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Источник финансирования практики | Ministry of Agriculture of the RK | World Bank |
Источники информации о практике | Online publications:
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Контактные данные лица, заполнившего форму | SIC ICWC |
SIC ICWC |
Дата заполнения формы | 30.03.2018 | 18.05.2018 |