The process of filtration involves the flow of water through a granular bed, of sand or another suitable media, at a low speed. The media retains most solid matter while permitting the water to pass. The process of filtration is usually repeated to ensure adequate removal of unwanted particles in the water (Ramstorp, 2003). This type of slow filtration over a granular bed is generally known as slow sand filtration. It is the oldest method of filtration but still widely used in municipal water treatment plants today.
More modern filtration systems use carbon as the main constituent material of the filter. This carbon is compressed into a solid block form, as opposed to the more loosely structured, granular, sand filters. Such filters often include other media substances, in addition to the compressed, solid carbon. This type of water filter is known as a multimedia filter. These filters clean water through both physical and chemical processes. Read more
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